Daniel Cosenza's Blog

Amazon ECR in Production: IAM, Digests, Scanning, Lifecycle Rules, and Replication

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How to operate Amazon ECR as a controlled OCI artifact supply point with least-privilege access, immutable identity, scanning, retention, and recovery.

Amazon ECS Architecture: Tasks, Services, Capacity, and Operational Boundaries

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A practical model of ECS task definitions, services, capacity providers, networking, IAM, deployments, and the responsibilities AWS does not remove.

Amazon EKS in Production: Control Plane, Compute, IAM, Networking, and Upgrades

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

What AWS manages in EKS, what remains in your account, and how node choices, VPC networking, identity, observability, availability, and cost interact.

AWS App Runner: From Source or Container Image to a Managed Web Service

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How App Runner builds, deploys, scales, secures, and observes HTTP services—and where its simplified platform stops being the right abstraction.

AWS Fargate: Serverless Container Compute for ECS and EKS

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

What Fargate manages, how task-level isolation and resource sizing work, and when its operational simplicity outweighs reduced host control.

AWS Step Functions: Reliable Workflow Orchestration Without a Custom Coordinator

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Step Functions state machines coordinate distributed work, where retries and execution history help, and where orchestration cost and service limits matter.

Azure Container Apps: Environments, Revisions, KEDA Scaling, and Managed Ingress

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A production-focused guide to Azure Container Apps architecture, revisions, jobs, networking, identity, observability, scaling, and platform limits.

Azure Container Registry: Identity, OCI Artifacts, Geo-Replication, and Governance

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A production operating model for ACR authentication, repository permissions, digests, scanning integrations, retention, private networking, and global replicas.

Azure Kubernetes Service: Managed Control Plane, Node Pools, Identity, and Networking

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A production model for AKS architecture, Entra authentication, node pools, CNI choices, upgrades, observability, availability, and shared responsibility.

Container Tags, Digests, SBOMs, and Provenance: Building a Verifiable Release Chain

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Why latest is not an identity, how OCI digests anchor releases, and how signatures, attestations, SBOMs, and admission policy work together.

Google Artifact Registry: Repository Modes, IAM, Cleanup, and Deployment Integration

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Artifact Registry manages container images and language packages with explicit locations, repository-level access, vulnerability analysis, and cleanup policies.

Google Cloud Run: Services, Jobs, Revisions, and the Container Runtime Contract

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Cloud Run turns containers into managed services and jobs, including scaling, traffic splitting, IAM, networking, observability, and cold-start tradeoffs.

Google Container Registry After Shutdown: What GCR Was and How Migration Works

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Why legacy Container Registry is no longer the service to design around, what remains true about gcr.io URLs, and how to move safely to Artifact Registry.

Google Kubernetes Engine: Autopilot, Standard, Cluster Architecture, and Operations

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How GKE divides control between Google and the customer across Autopilot and Standard modes, including scaling, identity, networking, upgrades, security, and cost.

Helm Architecture and Release Lifecycle: Charts, Values, Hooks, Rollbacks, and Supply Chain

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A deep guide to Helm charts and releases, value precedence, dependencies, lifecycle operations, GitOps, secrets, validation, and Helm 4 compatibility.

Karpenter Node Lifecycle: NodePools, NodeClaims, Scheduling, Consolidation, and Disruption

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Karpenter provisions right-sized Kubernetes nodes for pending pods and safely manages Spot, expiration, consolidation, IAM, and production disruption on EKS.

KEDA Event-Driven Autoscaling: ScaledObjects, ScaledJobs, HPA, and Safe Scale-to-Zero

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How KEDA turns queue and event metrics into pod or Job scaling, with authentication, timing controls, observability, backpressure, and production safeguards.

Kubernetes Gateway API: Separating Infrastructure, Routing, and Application Ownership

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How GatewayClass, Gateway, and typed Route resources improve multi-team traffic management beyond a single overloaded Ingress object.

OpenTelemetry Collector Pipelines: Receivers, Processors, Exporters, and Failure Control

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How to design Collector pipelines for metrics, logs, and traces without creating an unbounded queue, telemetry leak, or new single point of failure.

Terraform State in Production: Backends, Locking, Drift, Import, and Recovery

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A complete operational model for tfstate files: what they contain, how remote backends coordinate teams, and how to migrate or recover state without corrupting it.

Recovering a FreeDOS Boot Disk with a Damaged MBR

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A non-destructive FreeDOS recovery sequence for imaging the disk, auditing partitions and active flags, repairing boot code, and verifying files.

Fixing DOS Games That Run Too Fast on Modern Hardware

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How to identify CPU-bound timing loops and choose throttling, cache, emulator-cycle, or period-correct hardware solutions without damaging the installation.

Diagnosing FAT Corruption on FreeDOS Without Making Recovery Worse

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How to image first, distinguish media failure from filesystem damage, and use CHKDSK-style repair only after preserving evidence.

Fixing HIMEM and EMM386 Conflicts in a FreeDOS Memory Configuration

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Diagnose FreeDOS HIMEM and EMM386 conflicts with a controlled boot menu that isolates XMS, EMS, UMB, ROM exclusions, and driver order.

Fixing FreeDOS Keyboard Layout and Codepage Mismatches

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Fix FreeDOS keyboard and codepage mismatches by separating scan-code mapping from display glyphs and aligning COUNTRY, KEYB, MODE, and fonts.

How to Archive FreeDOS Files Without Losing Names or Metadata

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Choose ZIP or 7-Zip workflows deliberately, verify archives, and bridge 8.3 names, long filenames, codepages, and modern storage.

How to Use FreeCOM Batch Features Beyond a Linear Startup Script

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build reusable FreeCOM batch routines with arguments, labels, error handling, controlled environments, safe temporary files, and predictable quoting.

How to Bridge a FreeDOS Application to a Modern Print Service

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Capture LPT output safely, preserve control codes, and choose raw or converted queues without pretending every DOS printer stream is plain text.

How to Build a Safe FreeDOS Multi-Configuration Boot Menu

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build a safe FreeDOS multiboot menu with FDCONFIG.SYS sections and matching FDAUTO.BAT branches for gaming, networking, diagnostics, and recovery.

How to Build a Reliable FreeDOS Serial Link for Retro Hardware

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build a reliable FreeDOS serial link by validating UART settings, null-modem wiring, flow control, terminal configuration, and file checksums.

How to Test a FreeDOS Monthly Test Release Without Risking Your Main Installation

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Test a FreeDOS monthly release safely by verifying media, cloning the environment, comparing package changes, capturing regressions, and reporting evidence.

FreeDOS 1.4 Publishes a Floppy-Only Edition for Original PC-Class Hardware

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

FreeDOS 1.4's separate floppy installer ships 720 KiB, 1.2 MiB and 1.44 MiB image sets for classic PCs, with a reduced package set and no bundled source.

MicroWeb 2.1 Brings XMS and File Downloads to a Real-Mode DOS Browser

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

MicroWeb 2.1 shipped March 12, 2026 with XMS support, simple downloads and lower memory use while retaining its HTTP-only, no-CSS, no-JavaScript design.

FreeDOS Adopts Monthly Test Releases to Replace Release-Candidate Bottlenecks

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Since 2022, FreeDOS Tyymm test releases have assembled packages and installers monthly, enabling continuous integration testing before stable releases.

FreeDOS T2603 Starts Public Testing of the New Kernel and Windows 3.x Support

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

FreeDOS highlighted kernel 2044 and Windows 3.x testing in T2603 in March 2026, although the kernel first entered the monthly distribution in February's T2602.

Haiku app_server: The Desktop Rendering Service Behind Every Native Window

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A source-grounded tour of Haiku's app_server, from window and view mirroring to clipping, buffered drawing, drivers, and diagnosis.

Haiku on ARM: Porting Challenges Without Pretending It Is a Finished Product

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

An evidence-based guide to Haiku's separate ARM and ARM64 ports, their boot and driver work, build targets, and honest support claims.

Fixing Haiku Applications That Stop Launching After a System Update

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A safe workflow for post-update Haiku app failures using Terminal evidence, package ownership, prior states, settings isolation, and reports.

Recovering Haiku Audio When media_server Stops Responding

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Recover Haiku media services safely while separating one-client failures, mixer routing, add-ons, drivers, server state, and repeatable bugs.

Fixing HaikuDepot and pkgman Repository Synchronization Failures

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Diagnose Haiku repository sync through connectivity, clock and TLS, enabled URLs, architecture, refresh errors, and coherent full-sync.

Fixing Missing or Incorrect Screen Resolutions on Haiku

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Diagnose missing Haiku display modes through native versus fail-safe output, adapter and EDID evidence, connectors, VM hardware, and settings.

Fixing Slow Haiku Package Installs Without Interrupting the Transaction

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Measure slow Haiku installs by repository refresh, download, solver, disk transaction, packagefs activation, and scripts before intervening.

How to Prepare and Submit a Haiku Patch That Maintainers Can Review

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Take a Haiku fix from reproducible baseline through focused code, target and image tests, a clean Gerrit review, and iterative updates.

How to Package Third-Party Software for HaikuPorts

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Create a reviewable HaikuPorts recipe with verified sources, correct metadata and dependencies, clean HaikuPorter builds, and tested HPKGs.

How to Cross-Compile Haiku from a Linux Host

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build Haiku x86_64 on Linux with official sources, Haiku Jam, out-of-tree cross-tools, xattr-aware storage, images, and VM checks.

How to Configure and Test a Non-US Keymap on Haiku

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Match Haiku to a physical keyboard, verify modifiers and dead keys, save a recoverable custom map, and isolate app-specific input faults.

How to Debug a Native Haiku Application with Debugger

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build useful symbols, capture a reproducible Haiku crash, inspect the right thread and stack, and submit evidence without leaking private data.

How Haiku's Interface Kit and app_server Render Native Windows

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Haiku moves native windows from BApplication messages through BWindow and BView hierarchies to clipped, server-rendered output.

Haiku's Jam Build System: Cross-Tools, Hybrid ABIs, Packages, and Images

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Haiku's configure-and-Jam system coordinates host tools, target compilers, resources, packages, bootloaders, and complete images.

Haiku's Locale Kit: Catalogs, Formatting, and Runtime Language Selection

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A practical guide to Haiku's translation catalogs, fallback rules, locale-aware number and date formatting, collation, and UI testing.

Inside Haiku's Network Stack: Interfaces, Protocol Modules, and Userland Services

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A layered account of Haiku networking, from device drivers and kernel protocols through routes, DNS, services, and application APIs.

Haiku's Scheduler: Priorities, Real-Time Work, and Responsive Multimedia

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Haiku schedules runnable threads, interprets priority classes, balances latency and CPUs, and exposes the evidence behind a stall.

Haiku Application Scripting: BMessage Suites and Discoverable Automation

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Haiku applications publish discoverable scripting suites, resolve property specifiers, validate BMessages, and return stable replies.

Haiku Teams, Threads, Ports, and the Kernel Object Model

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A precise guide to Haiku teams, schedulable threads, bounded message ports, semaphores, shared areas, ownership, and hang diagnosis.

Haiku's Translation Kit: Roster-Based Media Conversion Between Applications

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Haiku discovers translator add-ons, identifies stream formats, selects conversions, handles settings, and validates untrusted media.

How CRT Light Guns Located the Screen—and Why They Fail on Flat Panels

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How brightness-sensing and beam-timed light guns worked with CRT raster scanning, why flat panels break them, and how emulators map modern replacements.

Recovering Emulator Save Data After an Interrupted or Incompatible Write

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Recover emulator saves by preserving originals, identifying the storage format, validating copies, and testing restoration in an isolated profile.

Fixing Emulator Netplay Desyncs Without Guessing

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Eliminate emulator netplay desyncs by matching builds, content, firmware, saves, controller types, and deterministic settings before tuning latency.

Fixing Overscan and Cropped Edges Without Distorting the Original Image

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Separate television zoom, frontend viewport, shader masks, core overscan, and intentional border pixels before changing retro-game geometry.

Fixing Periodic Emulator Stutter Caused by Refresh-Rate Mismatch

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Diagnose regular emulator judder by measuring content and display rates, separating workload spikes, and configuring VSync or VRR without speed drift.

Fixing RetroAchievements That Do Not Unlock or Synchronize

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Diagnose missing RetroAchievements through account tokens, recognized game hashes, supported cores, Hardcore rules, connectivity, and session logs.

Frame Pacing and V-Sync: Why Correct Emulator Timing Is More Than Average FPS

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How source refresh rates, audio clocks, host displays, queues, and synchronization strategies create smooth motion—or periodic stutter and latency.

How to Catalog a Physical Game Collection for Preservation and Insurance

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Create a privacy-aware game inventory with stable IDs, condition records, calibrated photographs, archival masters, provenance, backups, and valuations.

How to Build a Reproducible FPGA Retro-Gaming Setup

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build an FPGA retro system with documented hardware, trusted firmware and cores, lawful content, safe power/video, tested saves, and reversible updates.

How to Use RetroAchievements Hardcore Mode Without Invalid Sessions

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Run an already-configured RetroAchievements Hardcore session with a clean reset boundary, native-save discipline, legal hotkeys, and auditable evidence.

How to Configure a Low-Latency Display Path for Retro Games

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Measure and reduce retro-gaming latency across controller, emulator, renderer, operating system, cable, display mode, scaling, and synchronization.

How to Configure a Multi-System Arcade Cabinet Without One Giant Global Profile

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build a maintainable arcade cabinet with safe power, documented controls, stable device IDs, layered per-system profiles, restricted service access, and backups.

How to Build Auditable RetroArch Playlists and Thumbnail Sets

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Build RetroArch playlists from verified content, audit every database match and core assignment, and preserve custom thumbnails across updates.

Nintendo Ends New Purchases on the Wii U and Nintendo 3DS eShops

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

The staged shutdown that culminated on March 27, 2023—and why continued redownload access is not equivalent to permanent preservation.

Dolphin Introduces RVZ as a Lossless, Emulation-Ready Disc Format

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Dolphin 5.0-12188 added RVZ in July 2020 to preserve complete GameCube and Wii disc data while achieving practical compression.

MAME Completes Its Move to GPL-Compatible Open-Source Licensing

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Why MAME's 2016 relicensing mattered for reuse, preservation tooling, and the distinction between emulator source and copyrighted game data.

Sony Announces the Final PS3 and PS Vita Store Closure Schedule

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

After reversing an earlier shutdown in 2021, Sony set staged PS3 closures beginning in 2026 and broader PS3/Vita closure for July 2027.

Preservation-Grade Game Images: Dumps, Hashes, DATs, and Disc Formats Explained

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How to verify cartridge and disc dumps with hashes, DATs, repeatable acquisition, provenance, lossless masters, documented derivatives, and fixity audits.

Retro Sound Chips: PSG, FM, Wavetable, and Sample Playback Architectures

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Why classic systems sound different: channels, oscillators, envelopes, filters, sample memory, bus timing, and the limits composers turned into instruments.

Tile-Based Rendering: How 2D Consoles Built Scenes Without a Modern Framebuffer

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How tile maps, pattern tables, palettes, sprites, scanlines, and hardware limits produced classic 2D graphics—and what an emulator must reproduce.

Command Substitution vs Process Substitution

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

$(command) captures text; <(command) exposes a live stream as a path-like argument. Buffering, exit-status visibility, and portability differ sharply.

Environment Variables, Exports, and Subshell Boundaries

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Shell variables and the process environment overlap but differ. Export, fork/exec, subshells, pipelines, sourcing, and Shellshock define where changes survive.

Fixing CRLF Line Endings in Shell Scripts

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Errors like bad interpreter and $' ': command not found mean carriage returns reached a Unix shell script — confirm bytes, convert, enforce Git policy.

Fixing Scripts That Work Interactively but Fail Under cron

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

cron starts jobs with a small, non-interactive environment — make paths, interpreters, working directories, and logging explicit rather than sourcing a login shell.

Fixing Locale and Encoding Failures in Shell Tools

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Mojibake, invalid byte errors, and inconsistent sorting usually come from a locale mismatch — diagnose bytes and locale variables before converting anything.

Fixing a Shell Prompt That Hangs Inside Git Repositories

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A prompt that's slow only inside repositories is usually running expensive Git status work on every redraw — profile it, isolate repository scale, cache safely.

Fixing SSH Agent Forwarding Without Exposing More Than Necessary

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

When forwarded SSH authentication fails, trace the socket, agent keys, server policy, and hop-by-hop configuration, then decide if forwarding is justified.

How to Build a Cross-Shell Dotfiles Repository

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Separate shared environment, shell-specific syntax, secrets, and machine-local state, then deploy links idempotently and make rollback intentional.

How to Evaluate a Modern Shell Without Breaking Your Workflow

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Test Fish, Nushell, or another shell as an interactive tool first: inventory compatibility, isolate configuration, benchmark real tasks, keep a recovery shell.

How to Build a Reusable Shell Function Library

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

A maintainable shell library needs a documented target shell, namespaced functions, no import-time surprises, and tests run in fresh processes.

How to Use Named Pipes and Process Substitution Safely

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

FIFOs connect unrelated processes through a filesystem name; process substitution makes similar streams temporary, and both need careful failure handling.

How to Keep a Shell Script ShellCheck-Clean from the Start

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Choose the target shell, quote data, model arrays and pipelines correctly, and use focused ShellCheck directives only when genuinely needed.

How to Configure SSH Connection Multiplexing

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

OpenSSH can reuse one authenticated transport for later sessions — configure a private control socket, bounded persistence, and explicit cleanup.

eza Continued exa's Modern ls Experiment

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

After exa became unmaintained, the community fork eza carried its Rust-based, Git-aware directory listing interface forward under active, ongoing stewardship.

Nushell 0.114 Keeps Structured Shell Pipelines Moving Toward 1.0

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Nushell released version 0.114 in July 2026, remaining deliberately pre-1.0 while its table-oriented, structured-data pipeline model continues to evolve.

PowerShell Became Open Source and Cross-Platform in 2016

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Microsoft's August 2016 announcement put PowerShell on GitHub and introduced it on Linux and macOS, changing its scope well beyond Windows administration.

tmux 3.0 Arrived in 2019

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

tmux 3.0 shipped in late 2019 with changes from its normal development process — the major version bump was not a promise of semantic-versioning upheaval.

How GNU Readline Turns Keystrokes into Shell Commands

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Interactive Bash editing is a library-driven state machine: keymaps, completion hooks, history, and terminal escapes all meet inside GNU Readline.

Shell Signal Handling: trap, Cleanup, and Process Groups

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Reliable shell cleanup requires understanding signals, traps, process groups, and the important difference between a normal exit and an uncatchable termination.

How Terminal Multiplexers Keep Sessions Alive

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

PTYs and a persistent server process explain how tmux and screen survive a dropped SSH connection, not just several shells in one window.

ARPANET's First Message: Why 'LO' Reached SRI Before the System Crashed

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Reconstruct the October 29, 1969 UCLA-to-SRI login from the IMP log, and separate ARPANET's first host message from later Internet myths.

How C Became a Standard Language Instead of One Compiler's Dialect

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Follow C from Bell Labs and K&R practice through ANSI X3J11, ISO C and C23, including what portability guarantees—and deliberately leaves open.

Why DNS Replaced a Centrally Distributed HOSTS.TXT File

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Trace the NIC host table's scaling failure, Mockapetris's delegated DNS design, the staged 1983–85 migration, caching tradeoffs and later DNSSEC.

Ethernet: From Xerox PARC's Experimental Network to IEEE 802.3

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How Ethernet moved from a 2.94-megabit coax experiment to switched full-duplex links without depending on collisions forever.

Free Software and Open Source: Shared Code, Different Historical Arguments

Sun, 12 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT

How GNU's freedom-centered movement and the 1998 open-source campaign came to share much software while making different arguments.